This study investigates the relationship between renewable energy consumption, fossil fuel use, and public health outcomes in India, using annual data from 1990 to 2019. Employing Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression models, the study explores the effects of renewable energy, CO2 emissions, fossil fuel consumption, and other socio-economic variables such as Human Development Index (HDI) and urbanization on life expectancy, mortality rates, and death rates. The findings reveal that renewable energy consumption positively impacts life expectancy and reduces mortality, while fossil fuel use is associated with increased mortality and adverse health effects. Urbanization plays a crucial role in enhancing life expectancy and reducing mortality due to improved healthcare infrastructure and services. However, the reliance on fossil fuels remains a significant challenge for public health. These results highlight the importance of transitioning to renewable energy sources and implementing environmental regulations to improve public health outcomes in developing economies like India.
Keywords: Life expectancy, Infant mortality, Renewable energy consumption, fossil fuel consumption