ABSTRACT:
The cornerstone of the Indian economy is farming, which is the most popular occupation in
the nation. Fertilizers are crucial for agricultural production and healthy crop growth.
Recently, farmers have been using chemical fertilizers to speed up the entire procedure and
enhance yield. However, these fertilizers threaten the survival of people and animals as well
as habitats, soil, and plants. However, in addition to having a larger yield, natural
Biofertilizer [BF] are also safe for human consumption. As sustainable agriculture gains
momentum, BFs are emerging as a promising substitute for hazardous chemical fertilizers.
Both crop productivity and maintaining long-term soil fertility depend on BFs. In order to
meet the world's food demand, BFs are essential for crop development and the preservation
of soil fertility over the long term. Microbes and crop plants might communicate to enhance
the plants' growth, development, and immunity. Nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium, zinc, and
silica serve as vital elements for plant growth. However, these nutrients are naturally
insoluble or complicated. Some bacteria make them soluble and available to plants. This
review addresses the potential of microorganisms, their mechanism of action, and their
effects on crops. BFs are a wonderful alternative to expensive and hazardous chemical
fertilizers since they are economical, non-toxic, and beneficial to the environment. This
review's insights can aid in our comprehension of the importance and processes of microbial
development as BFs for agriculture's sustainable crop production.
Key words: Biofertilizers, microbes, sustainable, solubilizers, environment.