Gandhian economic philosophy offers a moral, human-centric, and sustainable alternative to the growth-centric development models that dominate contemporary economies. Rooted in the foundational ideals of Sarvodaya (welfare of all), non-violence (Ahimsa), decentralization, equality, dignity of labour, and rural self-reliance, Gandhian economics challenges the assumption that economic progress must be driven solely by industrial expansion, capital accumulation, and consumption. Instead, it envisions an economy in which material advancement is harmonized with social justice, ethical responsibility, and ecological balance. This paper critically examines the relevance and practical application of key Gandhian economic concepts—namely Sarvodaya, decentralisation, non-violent economic systems, equality, development of agriculture, land reforms, subsidiary occupations, rural infrastructure, and village sanitation—within the framework of today’s economic system. These concepts are analyzed not as rigid historical doctrines, but as adaptable principles capable of guiding contemporary policy and development strategies. The study argues that when integrated with modern institutions, democratic governance, and appropriate technologies, Gandhian economic ideas can effectively address some of the most pressing challenges of the present era, including rising inequality, unemployment, environmental degradation, rural distress, and social exclusion. By emphasizing inclusive growth, ethical production, community participation, and sustainability, Gandhian economics offers a holistic development paradigm that prioritizes human welfare over mere economic indicators. The paper concludes that far from being outdated or utopian, Gandhian economic philosophy remains highly relevant and essential for achieving inclusive, equitable, and sustainable development in the twenty-first century.

Keywords: Gandhian Economics, Sarvodaya, Decentralisation, Sustainable Development, Rural Economy, Ethical Capitalism